Books

In-text: Ball and Bindler (1999) found that leukemia, a malignancy most commonly diagnosed in children, affects the blood-forming organs and proliferates the white blood cells in the body.

References:

Ball, J., & Bindler. (1999). Pediatric nursing: Caring for children (2^nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Journals

In-text: Daily, Lovett and Reder (2001) account for differences in memory by creating a model.

References:

Daily, L. Z., Lovett, M. C. & Reder, L. M. (2001). Modeling individual differences in working memory

performance: A source activation account. Cognitive Science, 25, 315-253.

In-text: A current study (Woods, 2001) shows that if onset is not caught early, hypertension can be permanently damaging to one’s organs.

References:

Woods, A. D. (2001). Improved odds against hypertension: Learning how this insidious condition develops and

what you can do to prevent it from taking a toll on your patient. Nursing 2002, 31, 36-41.

Personal Communication

In-text: According to ICU RN A.P. Hall (personal communication, October 30, 2001) of University of Maryland Hospital, caring for intensive care patients involves close observation.

References: Personal communication references require only in-text citations.

Government Documents

In-text: Matloff (1990) presents compelling research about troop movement in WWII.

References:

Matloff, M. (1990). The 90-division gamble (CMH Pub 70-7-15). Washington, DC: U.S. Government

Printing Office.

In-text: Earlier research (e.g., Environmental Engineering Committee, 1995) shows the problem with urban sprawl rests with outdated zoning laws.

References:

Environmental Engineering Committee. (1995). An SAB report: Future issues in environmental engineering (

In-Text: Based on recommendations from the United States Office of Personnel Management (1995), employees need a clear policy regarding grounds for termination.

References:

United States Office of Personnel Management. (1995). New developments in employee and labor relations (OLRWP-94-1). Washington, DC.

Government Document – Available Online

In-text: Recent studies (National Cancer Institute [NCI], 1996) promote the consumption of more fiber through fruits and vegetables as a way to reduce colon cancer. This report estimates that approximately 35% of cancer-related deaths may be linked to diet (NCI, 1996, Q&A section, ¶ 1).

NOTE: To make the ¶ symbol in MS Word, hold down the Alt key and key in 0182 on the number pad. If this symbol is unavailable in your word processor, you can use the abbreviation para.

References:

National Cancer Institute (US) National 5 a Day Program Office. (1996). 5 a Day: A national program to

increase fruit and vegetable intake. Retrieved March 3, 1998, from Government Printing Office,

via GPO Access: http://dccps.nci.nih.gov/5aday

Article from an Internet-only Journal

In-text: As Watson and Thompson (2000) point out, the same argument was made in an earlier study.

References:

Watson, R., & Thompson, D.R. (2000). Recent developments in UK nurse education: Horses for courses or

courses for horses? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 1041-1042. Retrieved January 21, 2002,

from http://www.blackwell-synergy.com

Articles from Online Databases (EBSCOhost, ERIC, PsychInfo, etc.)

In-text: A recent article (Bower, 2001) states that dreams occur most during REM sleep. Walden and Poch (1998) say that Freud’s theories are based on the idea of sexual repression.

References:

Bower, B. (2001). Brains in dreamland. Science News, 160, 90-93. Retrieved November 23, 2001, from

EBSCOhost.

Poch, H., & Walden, D. (1998). Psychoanalysis of dreams: Dream theory and its relationship to literature

and popular culture: Freud, Billy Joel, Appelfeld, and Abe. Journal of Popular Culture, 32, 113-

121. Retrieved November 23, 2001, from EBSCOhost.

ERIC Documents

In-text: Results from leadership training in 26 nursing education programs (Ballack et al., 2001) have resulted in enhanced education-practice collaboration.

References:

Bellack, J.P., Jones, L. & Stoddard, C. (2001). Developing BSN leaders for the future: The Fuld leadership

initiative for nursing education (Report No. NCRTL-RR-01-4). East Lansing, MI: National Center

for Research on Teacher Learning. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED622114).

Contact Karen D. Austin at kaustin@shepherd.edu for suggestions, additions or corrections.